Dizziness is often considered the common disease / trivial, sometimes even created as a "joke" / expense, even had a brand image that was popularized by Peggy Melati Sukma with the words "puuuussssiiiiing" (from Indonesia), but if dizziness diakibat by serious illness, do not ever look down upon, especially if it is diminumi various headache medicine does not subside, should alert you.
Indeed, many causes of headaches / dizziness, one of the most frequent is High Blood Pressure / Hypertension (Hypertension). But there are also people with hypertension who do not feel the symptoms of headache, this should be more extra careful.
Actually that is High Blood Pressure / Hypertension is elevated blood pressure in the arteries. In general, this condition without symptoms, so it will cause increased risk of disease can be fatal. Who is at risk for high blood? hypertension usually attack a person who has a history of hypertension, obesity (s Overweight / Obesity d), women who are pregnant, or in the elderly. How do I know? that is by checking blood pressure with tension meter. At the time of measuring the pressure will be heard two sounds is the first sound (systolic) and the sound of the two (Diastolic).
Blood pressure is considered normal if less than 130 systolic and diastolic less than 85. said while high when higher than 140 systolic and diastolic pressures higher than 90. Blood pressure will increase in accordance with age, this is caused because the elderly will thicken the arterial wall and rigid, as a result of blood pumped by the heart will be forced to pass through the narrow artery that would cause high blood pressure.
Blood pressure is also influenced by physical activity, so when the move will increase and vice versa. Kidney is the organ that plays an important role in controlling blood pressure, therefore a variety of diseases or disorders of the kidneys can cause high blood pressure. Various ways can be done to help it down (tips to lower blood pressure I will discuss in the next few posts), whereas blood pressure-lowering drugs / Anti-Hypertension itself is a variety ranging from the type Diuretic (eg, hydrochlorothiazide, Spironolactone, etc.), type of ACE Inhibitor (eg, captopril, etc.), type Betabloker (eg propranolol, Bisoprolol, atenolol, etc.), type Ca Chanels blockers (eg nifedipine, Amlodipine, Diltiazem, etc.), until the type of angiotensin II receptor antagonists (eg candesartan, valsartan, etc.). Be careful also with food that is too salty (tips to lower blood pressure will be discussed on its own in the next few posts).
Wednesday, May 11, 2011
High Blood Descendants Is Disease? & How to control?
The definition of high blood pressure or hypertension is a disease of high blood pressure. A person suffering from hypertension when the pressure sistoliknya diastoliknya 140 mmHg and 90 mmHg. Recently this disease becomes silent killer or kill silently, because often not realized by the sufferer and usually only discovered when his blood pressure checked. The disease is only discovered after complications occur.
Usually the complications of cardiac dysfunction, coronary, renal function, or the emergence of stroke. So hypertension reduces life expectancy for sufferers, because from here will appear degenerative diseases are diverse and can eventually cause death. Because it frequently check your blood pressure, and as much as possible always keep the ideal of 120 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg diastolic.
Systolic pressure is peak pressure during heart contraction and blood pumping out through the arteries, while the diastolic is when the heart is relaxing and receive blood from blood vessels. Is this disease decreasing?
Heredity would be highly unlikely because the disease is closely related to several factors, lifestyle factors, diet and environmental factors. Lifestyle factors that play a major role is to smoke and drink alcohol, to dietary factors that fatty foods, and foods that are salty, then stayed up late habit also influences. Or often in a state of stress can also affect blood pressure. Then how to control it?
It was easy, change the lifestyle of high blood lead was included lower weight, then reduce salty foods and salt intake should be less than 6 grams / day. Salty foods are also to be reduced is the food processed with salt for example with salted fish, salted eggs, canned fish, as well as all foods that are preservative (sodium benzoate), also reduce the MSG / MSG, foods containing baking soda / baking powder. Then the drug for high blood pressure should continue to drink as long as his blood pressure was above 140/90 mmHg, and is in character for life. Nothing wrong too when someone who has got this high blood buy equipment to measure blood pressure can be monitored so that his blood pressure continues.
Usually the complications of cardiac dysfunction, coronary, renal function, or the emergence of stroke. So hypertension reduces life expectancy for sufferers, because from here will appear degenerative diseases are diverse and can eventually cause death. Because it frequently check your blood pressure, and as much as possible always keep the ideal of 120 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg diastolic.
Systolic pressure is peak pressure during heart contraction and blood pumping out through the arteries, while the diastolic is when the heart is relaxing and receive blood from blood vessels. Is this disease decreasing?
Heredity would be highly unlikely because the disease is closely related to several factors, lifestyle factors, diet and environmental factors. Lifestyle factors that play a major role is to smoke and drink alcohol, to dietary factors that fatty foods, and foods that are salty, then stayed up late habit also influences. Or often in a state of stress can also affect blood pressure. Then how to control it?
It was easy, change the lifestyle of high blood lead was included lower weight, then reduce salty foods and salt intake should be less than 6 grams / day. Salty foods are also to be reduced is the food processed with salt for example with salted fish, salted eggs, canned fish, as well as all foods that are preservative (sodium benzoate), also reduce the MSG / MSG, foods containing baking soda / baking powder. Then the drug for high blood pressure should continue to drink as long as his blood pressure was above 140/90 mmHg, and is in character for life. Nothing wrong too when someone who has got this high blood buy equipment to measure blood pressure can be monitored so that his blood pressure continues.
Tips for Lowering Blood Pressure.
The following are some tips for lowering high blood:
1. Blood Pressure Monitor:
If you have hypertension, then you should buy a tool to monitor
blood pressure, so that when blood pressure rises and can be directly harmful
taken or medical treatment as early as possible.
2. Starting an exercise program to lose weight:
Any reduction in weight 1 / 2 pounds, can lower blood pressure 2 mmHg, so very good
for patients with severe hypertension, type of exercise is the safest way
foot, jogging, up and down stairs, aerobic dance, swimming and cycling.
3. Drink Drugs:
Take medication regularly, because if you stop taking the medication, blood pressure can
rise higher than originally.
4. Avoid salty foods:
salt is one food that can increase blood pressure, because it
eating less salt. Sources of salt are less aware of is frozen food,
canned vegetables, and even ulcer drugs / antacids.
5. Avoid consumption of alcohol:
Alcohol has a role in increasing blood pressure.
6. Stop smoking:
Smoking is the ultimate taboo for people with hypertension, because nicotine
contained in cigarettes can cause increased blood pressure also
increases the risk for stroke.
7. Eat a banana:
Banana is a fruit that contains a lot of potassium, potassium can reduce the pressure
blood, in addition to potassium banana is also contained in the raisins, milk, yogurt, and juice
orange.
8. Polyunsaturated oils:
Switch to unsaturated oils can reduce blood pressure to 10 mmHg.
9. Learning to relax:
Sometimes the mind can trigger a rise in blood pressure, because it must
learn to think casual, but still serious in any problems encountered.
1. Blood Pressure Monitor:
If you have hypertension, then you should buy a tool to monitor
blood pressure, so that when blood pressure rises and can be directly harmful
taken or medical treatment as early as possible.
2. Starting an exercise program to lose weight:
Any reduction in weight 1 / 2 pounds, can lower blood pressure 2 mmHg, so very good
for patients with severe hypertension, type of exercise is the safest way
foot, jogging, up and down stairs, aerobic dance, swimming and cycling.
3. Drink Drugs:
Take medication regularly, because if you stop taking the medication, blood pressure can
rise higher than originally.
4. Avoid salty foods:
salt is one food that can increase blood pressure, because it
eating less salt. Sources of salt are less aware of is frozen food,
canned vegetables, and even ulcer drugs / antacids.
5. Avoid consumption of alcohol:
Alcohol has a role in increasing blood pressure.
6. Stop smoking:
Smoking is the ultimate taboo for people with hypertension, because nicotine
contained in cigarettes can cause increased blood pressure also
increases the risk for stroke.
7. Eat a banana:
Banana is a fruit that contains a lot of potassium, potassium can reduce the pressure
blood, in addition to potassium banana is also contained in the raisins, milk, yogurt, and juice
orange.
8. Polyunsaturated oils:
Switch to unsaturated oils can reduce blood pressure to 10 mmHg.
9. Learning to relax:
Sometimes the mind can trigger a rise in blood pressure, because it must
learn to think casual, but still serious in any problems encountered.
Warning! broken hearth Can Damage Health
Losing her lover was very painful. Not only can alter a person's emotional but heart pain due to abandoned spouse can also be harmful to health. Symptoms that appear on someone who was hit by a broken heart is almost like symptoms of a heart attack.
These results disclosed by the team of researchers from the Miriam Hospital and Brown University, Rhode Island, United States, who conducted research on hospital 70 patients suspected of having "Broken Heart Syndrome". The study, published in the American Journal of Cardiology, conducted since 2004-2008.
"Broken Heart Syndrome" does not just affect the person's emotional or mental but also physical condition. All patients who come to the hospital with the syndrome, it seems like having a heart attack. They feel the pain in the chest and shortness of breath. Even one of the five patients present with a very critical condition to have received intensive care so that they can survive.
Because of similar symptoms caused by "Broken heart syndrome" with a heart attack, a team of doctors had difficulty diagnosing the patient. They believe that these symptoms arise due to stress experienced by people with broken hearts, so that changing hormones and cause health problems.
"It is very difficult for cardiologists to diagnose and treat patients with symptoms of a broken heart," said Dr. Richard Regnante, as the leader of the research.
But fortunately, the doctors said that the pain experienced it will not last long. After undergoing intensive treatment, particularly female patients can recover completely.
"Although there is still much we need to learn about a broken heart syndrome, but we know for sure that patients are rarely fatal as long as they get the full treatment within 48 hours, such as a ventilator and other medical devices," he added .
Heart attack
Heart attack is a condition when the damage suffered by the heart muscle (myocardium) due to very sudden decrease in blood supply to it. Reduced blood supply to the heart suddenly can occur when one of the coronary artery blockage was for some time, either due to spasm - coronary artery mengencangnya - or akibar blood pergumpalan - thrombus. Sections of heart muscle that is usually supplied by a pulse which terblokade stop functioning properly immediately after splasme subsides by itself, the symptoms disappeared completely and heart muscle function completely normally again. This is often called crescendo angina or coronary insufficiency. Conversely, if the blood supply to the heart stops altogether, the cells in question experienced a permanent change in just a few hours only and referred to the heart muscle is severely degraded or permanently damaged. Muscles of the dead is called infarction.
Symptoms of Heart Attack
These symptoms can be different for each person. A heart attack may begin with pain that is unclear, vague discomfort, or chest tightness in the middle. Sometimes, a heart attack caused only mild discomfort at all so it is often mistaken for indigestion, or even escape the attention at all. In this case, the only way that allows the detection of a heart attack is when should undergo ECG examination for other reasons that may not be related. On the other hand, a heart attack may bring the worst pain ever experienced - extraordinary tightness or feeling pinched in the chest, throat or stomach. Can also heat or cold sweat, foot pain once and a sense of fear that the end is approaching. Also may feel more comfortable when sitting than when lying down and breathing is so crowded that may not be relaxed. Nausea and dizziness and even vomiting, and even more of that when it comes to collapse and faint.
There are some more specific symptoms, including:
* Pain. If the muscle does not get enough blood (a condition called ischemia), then the oxygen is inadequate and the result of excessive metabolic causes cramps or spasms. Angina is a feeling of tightness in the chest or a feeling of chest crumpled, which arises when the heart muscle not getting enough blood. The type and severity of pain or discomfort will vary in each person. Some people who experience lack of blood flow could not feel any pain at all (a condition called silent ischemia). * Shortness of breath is a symptom commonly found in heart failure. Shortness is the result of the influx of fluid into the air cavities in the lungs (pulmonary congestion or pulmonary edema). * Fatigue or tiredness. If the heart is not pumping effectively, the flow of blood to muscles during activity will decrease, causing the patient to feel weak and tired. These symptoms are often mild. To overcome this, patients typically reduce their activity gradually or think this phenomenon as part of aging. * Palpitations (heart palpitations) * Dizziness and fainting. Decrease in blood flow due to rate or heart rhythm is abnormal, or because of poor pumping ability, can cause dizziness and fainting.
Early Warning Signs
However, one of the very idea that a heart attack came like lightning in broad daylight. Heart attack is the culmination of a process of catastrophic damage that lasts a long time, which often involves emotional surprises, chaos physiological and mental fatigue. Early warning signs is so subjective and so subtle, so that even doctors who are trained to objectively measure things can still be ignored.
Diagnosis
Based on perceived symptoms, a doctor can make a rational estimate of whether the symptoms suggest a heart attack or not. His suspicion may be reinforced by the appearance of the patient, the level of blood pressure and heartbeat sounds. Your doctor will probably send it to the ECG examination and blood test, but when still feel the pain, the doctor will probably give an injection penghilangrasa pain before the examination. It's scary because the pain can be brought to the brink of a deeper, which can cause cardiac symptoms. The pain can also cause long-term psychological impact. The first ECG may not show signs of heart attack and possibly the examination should be repeated. Sometimes a second test still shows no change, and during this case, the diagnosis will rely on blood tests. The heart, like all other body cells, contain special chemicals called enzymes. When heart cells are damaged, enzymes are released together with circulating blood flow. After a heart attack, levels of this enzyme in part direct to rise, but subsequently these enzymes quickly break down and therefore no longer detectable after a day or two days, there is a new enzyme that is released several hours or several days later to stay in the blood for several days or even a few weeks
10 assumption wrong about heart disease
1. Heart disease only occurs in obese people only 2. Heart disease can not be the child or young person 3. Women free of heart disease 4. Heart disease is only one kind of 5. His heart was healthy, could not have heart disease 6. No association with stroke 7. Heart disease is a hereditary disease 8. Heart disease can not be prevented 9. Heart disease because often shocked 10. Heart disease rises because often eat banana menu
Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease
* Entering the age of 45 years for men.
It is important for men to realize their vulnerability and take positive action to prevent future heart disease.
* For women, entered the age of 55 years or premature menopause (as a result of the operation).
Women began following the men in terms of risk of heart disease after menopause.
* History of heart disease in the family.
History of heart attack within the family is often a result of abnormal cholesterol profiles.
* Diabetes.
Most people with diabetes die not because of increased blood sugar levels, but because the condition of their heart complications.
* Smoking.
Drai heart disease risk equivalent to smoking 100 pounds overweight - so it is not possible to equate the two.
* High blood pressure (hypertension). * Overweight (obesity).
Central obesity (belly fat) is a form of obesity. Although all obese people tend to have an increased risk of heart disease, people with obesity was even more so.
* Bad lifestyle.
Bad lifestyle is one of the root causes of heart disease - and replace them with physical activity is one of the most radical step that can be taken.
* Stress.
Many studies have shown that, when facing a tense situation, there may be life-threatening heart arithmias.
Symptoms of Heart Attack
These symptoms can be different for each person. A heart attack may begin with pain that is unclear, vague discomfort, or chest tightness in the middle. Sometimes, a heart attack caused only mild discomfort at all so it is often mistaken for indigestion, or even escape the attention at all. In this case, the only way that allows the detection of a heart attack is when should undergo ECG examination for other reasons that may not be related. On the other hand, a heart attack may bring the worst pain ever experienced - extraordinary tightness or feeling pinched in the chest, throat or stomach. Can also heat or cold sweat, foot pain once and a sense of fear that the end is approaching. Also may feel more comfortable when sitting than when lying down and breathing is so crowded that may not be relaxed. Nausea and dizziness and even vomiting, and even more of that when it comes to collapse and faint.
There are some more specific symptoms, including:
* Pain. If the muscle does not get enough blood (a condition called ischemia), then the oxygen is inadequate and the result of excessive metabolic causes cramps or spasms. Angina is a feeling of tightness in the chest or a feeling of chest crumpled, which arises when the heart muscle not getting enough blood. The type and severity of pain or discomfort will vary in each person. Some people who experience lack of blood flow could not feel any pain at all (a condition called silent ischemia). * Shortness of breath is a symptom commonly found in heart failure. Shortness is the result of the influx of fluid into the air cavities in the lungs (pulmonary congestion or pulmonary edema). * Fatigue or tiredness. If the heart is not pumping effectively, the flow of blood to muscles during activity will decrease, causing the patient to feel weak and tired. These symptoms are often mild. To overcome this, patients typically reduce their activity gradually or think this phenomenon as part of aging. * Palpitations (heart palpitations) * Dizziness and fainting. Decrease in blood flow due to rate or heart rhythm is abnormal, or because of poor pumping ability, can cause dizziness and fainting.
Early Warning Signs
However, one of the very idea that a heart attack came like lightning in broad daylight. Heart attack is the culmination of a process of catastrophic damage that lasts a long time, which often involves emotional surprises, chaos physiological and mental fatigue. Early warning signs is so subjective and so subtle, so that even doctors who are trained to objectively measure things can still be ignored.
Diagnosis
Based on perceived symptoms, a doctor can make a rational estimate of whether the symptoms suggest a heart attack or not. His suspicion may be reinforced by the appearance of the patient, the level of blood pressure and heartbeat sounds. Your doctor will probably send it to the ECG examination and blood test, but when still feel the pain, the doctor will probably give an injection penghilangrasa pain before the examination. It's scary because the pain can be brought to the brink of a deeper, which can cause cardiac symptoms. The pain can also cause long-term psychological impact. The first ECG may not show signs of heart attack and possibly the examination should be repeated. Sometimes a second test still shows no change, and during this case, the diagnosis will rely on blood tests. The heart, like all other body cells, contain special chemicals called enzymes. When heart cells are damaged, enzymes are released together with circulating blood flow. After a heart attack, levels of this enzyme in part direct to rise, but subsequently these enzymes quickly break down and therefore no longer detectable after a day or two days, there is a new enzyme that is released several hours or several days later to stay in the blood for several days or even a few weeks
10 assumption wrong about heart disease
1. Heart disease only occurs in obese people only 2. Heart disease can not be the child or young person 3. Women free of heart disease 4. Heart disease is only one kind of 5. His heart was healthy, could not have heart disease 6. No association with stroke 7. Heart disease is a hereditary disease 8. Heart disease can not be prevented 9. Heart disease because often shocked 10. Heart disease rises because often eat banana menu
Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease
* Entering the age of 45 years for men.
It is important for men to realize their vulnerability and take positive action to prevent future heart disease.
* For women, entered the age of 55 years or premature menopause (as a result of the operation).
Women began following the men in terms of risk of heart disease after menopause.
* History of heart disease in the family.
History of heart attack within the family is often a result of abnormal cholesterol profiles.
* Diabetes.
Most people with diabetes die not because of increased blood sugar levels, but because the condition of their heart complications.
* Smoking.
Drai heart disease risk equivalent to smoking 100 pounds overweight - so it is not possible to equate the two.
* High blood pressure (hypertension). * Overweight (obesity).
Central obesity (belly fat) is a form of obesity. Although all obese people tend to have an increased risk of heart disease, people with obesity was even more so.
* Bad lifestyle.
Bad lifestyle is one of the root causes of heart disease - and replace them with physical activity is one of the most radical step that can be taken.
* Stress.
Many studies have shown that, when facing a tense situation, there may be life-threatening heart arithmias.
NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF OLD
Every living thing needs food to sustain life, because there is food in the nutrients the body needs to perform activities of metabolism. For the nutritional needs of elderly given by both to assist in the process of adapting or adjust to the changes experienced in addition to maintain continuity of turnover of body cells that can prolong life. Caloric needs of the elderly is reduced due to reduced calorie basis of physical needs. Calories are calories needed basis to malakukan activities body in a resting state, for example: for the heart, intestines, respiratory and kidney. Based on usefulness to the body, nutrients are divided into three groups large, namely: 1. Group energy substances, included in this group are: a. Raw foods contain carbohydrates such as rice, corn, wheat, sweet potatoes, bread, cassava, etc., other than that in the form of sugar such as sugar, syrup, honey etc.. b. Raw foods contain fats like oil, coconut milk, butter, Margarine, milk and processed products. 2. Team builder substance This group includes foods - foods that contain lots of protein, both animal and vegetable proteins, such as meat, fish, milk, eggs, kacangkacangan and processed. 3. Groups regulating substances This group includes materials that contain lots of vitamins and minerals, such as fruits and vegetables. B. FACTORS AFFECTING THE NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OLD 1. Decreased ability to digest food due to tooth decay or toothless. 2. Decreased senses of taste resulted in a decrease of taste sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. 3. Esophagus / esophageal dilation experienced. 4. Reduced hunger, decreased gastric acid. 5. Bowel movement or peristaltic motion is weak and usually cause constipation. 6. Decreased food absorption in the intestine. C. NUTRITION ON OLD PROBLEMS 1. Nutrient excess Excess nutrients in the elderly occur in many western countries and cities large. Eating habits at a young age causes a lot of weight excess, apalai in elderly due to reduced use of reduced-calorie physical activity. Eating habits were difficult to change even if unconscious for eat less. Obesity is one of the founder of various diseases, for example: heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension. 2. Underweight 2 Malnutrition is often caused by socio-economic problems and also because of disease. When calorie intake is too low from the necessary cause weight less than normal. If this is accompanied with lack of protein causing cell damage that is not can be improved, resulting in hair loss, decreased resistance to disease, likely to be susceptible to infection. 3. Vitamin deficiency When consumption of fruits and vegetables in less food and supplemented with lack of protein in the diet result decreased appetite, vision decreased, dry skin, appearance becomes listless and discouraged. D. MONITORING OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS 1. Weighing Weight Loss a. Weighing BB performed regularly at least 1 week, watch out BB BB increased or decreased more than 0.5 kg / week. Increased BB more than 0.5 kg in 1 week at risk of overweight and weight loss of more than 0.5 kg / week showed deficiency weight. b. Calculating ideal body weight in adults: The formula: ideal body weight = 0.9 x (TB in cm - 100) Note to women with TB are less than 150 cm and men with TB less than 160 cm, use the formula: Ideal body weight = TB in cm - 100 If the BB is more than ideal means of excess nutrients If BB is less than ideal means of underweight 2. Protein-calorie deficiency Beware of the elderly with a history: the less income, less socializing, being alone, losing a spouse or friends, difficulties chewing, installation of false teeth that are less precise, difficult to prepare food, often mangkonsumsi drugs mangganggu appetite, lust eat less, the food offered was not invited to taste. Since this This can reduce the intake of protein for the elderly, resulting in a more elderly sick and not easily excited. 3. Vitamin D deficiency It usually occurs in elderly people who get less sun exposure, rarely or never drink milk, and consume less vitamin D contained in many fish, liver, milk and other dairy products. E. FOOD PLANNING FOR THE OLD ? Planning meals in general 1. Food must contain nutrients from the food varied, which consists of: power substances, substances builder and regulator. 2. Please note portions of food, not too full. Meal should be arranged evenly in a single day so that they can eat more often with a small portion. Sample menu: Morning: Porridge chicken 10:00 AM: Bread Lunch: Rice, pindang eggs, soup, papaya At 16.00: nagasari Tonight: Rice, spinach, fried tempeh, Pepes fish, bananas
3. A lot of drinking and reduce salt, with a lot of drinking can accelerate spending on food scraps, and avoid foods that are too salty will lighten the kidneys working and prevent the possibility of blood high. 4. Limit sweet foods or sugar, oil and food fatty like milk, butter, etc.. 5. For elderly patients the procedure was further penuaannya note matters as follows: · Eat foods that are easy to digest E. Avoid foods that are too sweet, savory, and fried-fried · When trouble chewing because gigirusak or false teeth is not good, food must be soft / flabby or chopped · Eat small meals but often · Distraction or snack foods, milk, fruits and fruit juices should given 6. Limit your coffee or tea, may be given but must be diluted because useful also to stimulate bowel movement and increase appetite. 7. Foods containing iron such as: beans, liver, eggs, meat low-fat, spinach, and green vegetables. 8. It is recommended to process food in a way steamed, boiled, or baked less fried foods ? Planning meals to cope with changes in the gastrointestinal tract To reduce the risk of constipation and hemorrhoids: 1. Suggest to consume high-fiber foods every day, such as vegetables and fresh fruits, breads and cereals. 2. Instruct the patient to drink at least 8 glasses of fluid each day to soften the stool. 3. Suggest not to use laxatives on a regular basis, because the patient will become dependent on laxatives. F. HOW TO EAT BY MOUTH (ORAL) 1. Prepare food and beverages will be provided 2. Position the patient seated or half seated. 3. Give a little drink warm water before eating. 4. Allow the patient to empty his mouth after every sendokan. 5. Align the feeding speed with the readiness of the patient, ask feeding too fast or slow. 6. Allow the patient to demonstrate a command of the patient's food choices who want to eat. 7. When finished eating, the patient position is maintained for ± 30 minutes. G. PRINCIPLES OF GIVING THROUGH DINING sonde (NGT) Feeding through the sonde is intended to meet the nutritional needs patients who have problems in swallowing and chewing food, as in stokes patients. The principles of administration are as follows: 1. Prepare food and beverages warm liquid 2. Raise the head of bed 30-45 degrees during feeding and 30 minutes after feeding. 3. Rinse the sonde hose with warm water first. 4 4. Make sure that no air enters into the sonde at the time of feeding or water. Make sure the hose is closed for not being fed. 5. Check the hose adhesiveness, if let loose hose nurse. 6. Report of nausea and vomiting immediately. 7. Perform frequent oral hygiene treatment. H. EXAMPLES OF FOODS FOR EACH FOOD GROUP 1. Raw food source of carbohydrates (energy substances): Rice, rice porridge, rice, corn, potatoes, cassava, yams, taro, biscuits, bread, crakers, cornstarch, rice flour, wheat flour, hunkwe flour, noodles, vermicelli. 2. Raw food source of fat (energy substances): Cooking oil, fish oil, margarine, coconut, grated coconut, coconut milk, fatty meat. 3. Raw foods of animal protein sources: Beef, chicken, liver, tripe, intestines, eggs, fish, shrimp. 4. Foodstuffs of vegetable protein sources: Green bean, soya bean, red bean, peanut, oncom, tofu, tempeh( from Indonesia)
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